C++ Templates C++11 and above

Template type deduction in functions

June 22, 2021
Vaibhav
1,030 Comments
Share the Article

When we call a template function, and provide the template arguments in angular brackets “< >”, then we are instantiating it by explicitly specifying template type. However, it is possible to instantiate the templates without specifying template type. In such case, the C++ compiler can itself performs template type deduction by looking at the argument list.

template<typename T>
void funda(T x)         //template function, T is parameter
{ 
}

int main()
{
    funda<double>(2.1);  //explicit <double> specification
    funda(4);            //type deduction to int

    return 0;
}

Type deduction scenarios

There are mainly 3 scenarios where the compiler applies the rules of template type deduction.

These scenarios are – when the Template Parameter T is:

  1. Not a reference type, but, a parameter-by-value (T)
  2. A reference type (T&)
  3. a universal reference type (T&&)

1. Template Parameter is not a reference (pass-by-value)

template<typename T>
void funda(T x);

In such case, whatever the calling code provides, the compiler creates a new copy. This means, if the calling code provides, a reference variable, then compiler shall create a new copy of that variable. Therefore, the template parameter T will no longer be the reference variable.

Similarly, if the calling code provides, a const variable, then also T shall be a copy and it shall not be const.

The following example shows that in multiple scenarios, both the const-ness and reference-ness is not considered in deciding the template parameter type T.

#include <iostream> //main header
using namespace std;//for namespace

template<typename T>
void funda(T x)     //Template parameter T is pass-by-value
{
     if(std::is_const_v<typename remove_reference<T>::type>) 
        cout << "const ";

    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int))
        cout << "int";

    if(std::is_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
        if(std::is_lvalue_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
            cout << "&";
        else
            cout << "&&";

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int x;
    funda(x);        //T becomes int
    funda(4);        //T becomes int


    int &y = x;
    int &&z = 3;
    funda(y);        //T becomes int, & ignored
    funda(z);        //T becomes int, && ignored

    const int m = 4;
    funda(m);        //T becomes int, const ignored


    const int &n = m;
    funda(n);       //T becomes int, const and & ignored

    return 0;
}

Output

example output of code using template type deduction with function parameter as pass by value

2. Template parameter is a reference type

template<typename T>
void funda(T& x);

In such case, the type of parameter T is deducted as exact type of argument variable sent by calling code. However, if such variable is already a reference variable, then the compiler simply ignores the reference-part to deduce type. But ultimately, due to “&” in parameter, the T finally becomes an L-value reference. In current case, L-value-ness of T causes one limitation that this function can not accept an R-value argument. However, this limitation shall go away if the signature is having “const” keyword.

template<typename T>
void funda(const T& x); //accepts R-value also

Please note that in the following code, the “const” aruments deduces T to become “const”.

#include <iostream> //main header
using namespace std;//for namespace

template<typename T>
void funda(T& x)
{
    if(std::is_const_v<typename remove_reference<T>::type>) 


        cout << "const ";

    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int))
        cout << "int";

    if(std::is_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
        if(std::is_lvalue_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
            cout << "&";
        else
            cout << "&&";

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int x;
    funda(x);          //T shall become int&
//    funda(4);        //error as T is always L-value

    int &y = x;        
    int &&z = 3;
    funda(y);          //T shall become int&
    funda(z);          //T shall become int&

    const int m = 4;
    funda(m);          //T shall become "const int&"

    const int &n = m;
    funda(n);          //T shall become "const inst&"

    return 0;
}

Output

example output of code using template type deduction with function parameter as pass by reference

3. Template parameter is universal reference

template<typename T>
void funda(T&& x);

In this case, the behavior shall be almost same as in case 2 (above). Therefore, T shall always become a reference type. The only difference here is that due to the specification of T as universal reference, the function now accepts both R-value and L-value arguments. Due to reference collapsing rules, if the calling code sends an R-value argument, then T deduces to become R-value reference and with L-value it becomes an L-value reference.

#include <iostream> //main header
using namespace std;//for namespace

template<typename T>
void funda(T&& x)
{
    if(std::is_const_v<typename remove_reference<T>::type>) 

        cout << "const ";

    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int))
        cout << "Type = int";

    if(std::is_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
        if(std::is_lvalue_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
            cout << "&";
        else
            cout << "&&";

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int x;
    funda(x);      //T shall become int&
    funda(4);      //T shall become int&&

    int &y = x;
    int &&z = 3;
    funda(y);      //T shall become int&
    funda(z);      //T shall become int&

    const int m = 4;
    funda(m);      //T shall become const int&

    const int &n = m;
    funda(n);      //T shall become const int&

    return 0;
}

Output

example output of code using template type deduction with function parameter as universal reference

Passing an array to template function

Passing an array to function is a very special case. This is because in some cases, the array variable type can decay into pointer type. The pointer shall point to first element of the array. However, in case of pointers, 2 cases arise

  1. Template parameter T is pass-by-value
  2. Template parameter T is pass-by-reference

In former case, the array shall decay into respective pointer, but in latter case, it retains the array type.

Pass-by-value

#include <iostream> //main header
using namespace std;//for namespace

template<typename T>
void funda(T x)
{
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int))
        cout << "Type = int";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int[4]))
        cout << "Type = int[4]";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int*))
        cout << "Type = int*";

    if(std::is_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
        if(std::is_lvalue_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
            cout << "&";
        else
            cout << "&&";

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int a1[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    funda(a1);

    return 0;
}

Output

output of code which is passing an array to a function template, and array getting decayed to pointer

Pass-by-reference

#include <iostream> //main header
using namespace std;//for namespace

template<typename T>
void funda(T& x)
{
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int))
        cout << "Type = int";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int[4]))
        cout << "Type = int[4]";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int*))
        cout << "Type = int*";

    if(std::is_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
        if(std::is_lvalue_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
            cout << "&";
        else
            cout << "&&";

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int a1[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    funda(a1);

    return 0;
}

Output

output of code passing an array to function template

Getting size of an array using templates type deduction

As in above illustration, an array argument retains the actual array type. Therefore, one application is that we can create a sizeof function. In this case, we may break-down the parameter T further into element-type and array-size components. 

template<typename T, std::size_t N>
void sizeof_funda(T (&x)[N] )

The following program, prints 3 things,

  1. The overall type of x (which is an array)
  2. The type T (which becomes an int)
  3. Size of the overall array 
#include <iostream> //main header
using namespace std;//for namespace

template<typename T, std::size_t N>
void sizeof_funda(T (&x)[N] )
{
    //Print final type of parameter "x"
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int))
        cout << "Type(x) = int";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int[4]))
        cout << "Type(x) = int[4]";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int[5]))
        cout << "Type(x) = int[5]";
    if(typeid(x) == typeid(int*))
        cout << "Type(x) = int*";

    if(std::is_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
        if(std::is_lvalue_reference<decltype(x)>( ))
            cout << "&";
        else
            cout << "&&";

    cout << ", ";

    //Printing type of parameter type T
    if(typeid(T) == typeid(int))
        cout << "Type(T) = int";
    if(typeid(T) == typeid(int[4]))
        cout << "Type(T) = int[4]";
    if(typeid(T) == typeid(int[5]))
        cout << "Type(T) = int[5]";
    if(typeid(T) == typeid(int*))
        cout << "Type(T) = int*";

    cout << ", Size of Array = " << N;

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    int a1[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    sizeof_funda(a1);

    int a2[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    sizeof_funda(a2);

    return 0;
}

Output

example code which implement sizeof method for an array of any type

Main Funda: C++ can deduce the template type from function arguments. There is no need to explicitly provide such type.

Related Topics:

Class Template Argument Deduction in C++17
What is a Tuple, a Pairs and a Tie in C++
C++ Multithreading: Understanding Threads
What is Copy Elision, RVO & NRVO?
Lambda in C++11
Lambda in C++17
What are the drawbacks of using enum ?
Which member functions are generated by compiler in class?
How to stop compiler from generating special member functions?
Compiler Generated Destructor is always non-virtual
How to make a class object un-copyable?
Why virtual functions should not be called in constructor & destructor ?
How std::forward( ) works?
Rule of Three
How std::move() function works?
What is reference collapsing?
How delete keyword can be used to filter polymorphism
emplace_back vs push_back

Share the Article

1,030 thoughts on “Template type deduction in functions”

  1. Zasady nie są skomplikowane, więc nawet po kilku rundach się w nich nie pogubicie. Przechowywanie informacji na urządzeniu lub dostęp do nich, spersonalizowane reklamy, spersonalizowane treści, pomiar reklam i treści, opinie odbiorców i opracowanie produktu.Wyrażenie zgody jest dobrowolne. Możesz ją w każdym momencie wycofać lub ponowić na allegro.pl w zakładce Dopasowanie reklam. Wycofanie jej nie wpływa na legalność uprzedniego przetwarzania.Więcej informacji znajdziesz: Niesamowicie kuszące połączenie, które nie może się nie udać – hazard i alkohol. Niebezpieczne, ale jakże przyjemne! No dobrze – nie stracisz tu majątku życia, wypłaty czy domu, ale możesz nabawić się porządnego kaca. Alkoholowa ruletka rozkręci każdą imprezę i sprawi, że nawet największy ponurak zostawi telefon i zacznie bawić się z ludźmi. Gra toczy się tym razem nie o pieniądze, a o trunki. Ruletka imprezowa zadba o dobre humory gości i zamieni zwykłe, nudne „kolejki”, w coś zdecydowanie ciekawszego. Gotowi? Zakręćmy więc ruletką na kieliszki! https://aboutlamu.com/forum/profile/qzcelaine04763/ Wedle regulaminu każdy z graczy może posiadać tylko jedno konto. Twoje dane osobowe zostaną użyte do obsługi twojej wizyty na naszej stronie, zarządzania dostępem do twojego konta i dla innych celów o których mówi nasza polityka prywatności. W ciągu 3 minut otrzymasz e-maila z ekskluzywnymi ofertami, jeśli nie, sprawdź folder spam . Kolejne osiągnięcie Yggdrasil przeszło wszelkie oczekiwania użytkowników. Automat do gier Power Plant zaprasza użytkowników do odwiedzenia futurystycznej elektrowni. W tym niesamowitym miejscu kombinacje powstają dzięki wyładowaniom wysokiego napięcia, które generuje stacja. Wyboru możesz dokonać w dowolnym momencie poprzez aktualizację swoich preferencji, jakby zwinięty. Natomiast nie patrząc na downgrade gra jest naprawdę świetna, które następnie sprzedawaliśmy sąsiadom. Warto podjąć się tego zadania ze względu na ostateczne korzyści, a nie nawoływanie do mordowania “wrogów rasy”. Musisz mieć dużo pokory w sobie, że odwołanie pani Muchy ze stanowiska ministry sportu jest oburzające tym bardziej.

    Reply

  3. Good post. I learn something new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon every day. It will always be useful to read articles from other authors and use a little something from other web sites.

    Reply

  5. When I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Thanks!

    Reply

  6. โปรโมชั่น pg slot มากมาย เล่นง่ายจ่ายจริง แตกจริง ต้อง PG-สล็อต เท่านั้น! เล่นสล็อต พีจีสล็อต เว็บไซต์ตรงผู้ให้บริการเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ชั้นหนึ่ง ทกลอง เล่น ฟรี พร้อมโบนัส

    Reply

  7. สล็อต PGSLOTแตกง่าย เล่นง่ายได้เงินจริงผู้ให้บริการเกมสล็อต pg slot ออนไลน์บนโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ที่มีเกมนานาประการให้เลือก เป็นเกมรูปแบบใหม่ที่ทำเงินให้ผู้เล่นได้เงินจริง 

    Reply

  8. Spot on with this write-up, I really think this amazing site needs much more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read through more, thanks for the advice.

    Reply

  12. Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem together with your web site in internet explorer, could check this… IE nonetheless is the market chief and a large component to folks will miss your fantastic writing because of this problem.

    Reply

  14. Die besten Live Casinos bieten Spielern oftmals eine breitgefächerte Auswahl an Glücksspielen aller Art. Vor allem Blackjack, Roulette und Baccarat gehören zu den Klassikern, die im Live Casino nicht fehlen dürfen. Idealerweise sind gleich mehrere Varianten dieser Spiele verfügbar. Zu den bekanntesten Live Casino Spielen gibt es nachfolgend eine Übersicht: Bald wurden die Live-Casino-Auswahl in vielen Casinos im Internet um mehrere Poker-, Baccarat- und Craps-Spiele erweitert. Unter ihnen tauchten auch verschiedene Sorten auf. Zum Beispiel wird nicht nur Live European Roulette angeboten. Du kannst auch Live Immersive Roulette, Live Lightning Roulette, Live Speed Roulette, Live Double Ball Roulette und mehr spielen. Es gibt nichts spannenderes, als bei einem Live Online Casino so richtig in Fahrt zu kommen. Das Expertenteam von Bonus.com.de hat die besten Live Casinos und deren Bonusangebote bewertet. Hier findest Du die Ergebnisse aus dessen Analyse. https://wiki-neon.win/index.php?title=Ihre_ErklГ¤rung Durch die Möglichkeit, Top Games kostenlos ohne Anmeldung zu spielen, können Sie sich also nicht nur einfach und risikofrei einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Provider der Online Spielewelt verschaffen, bevor Sie sich im späteren Verlauf an echte Geldeinsätze wagen, sondern außerdem perfekten Spielgenuss erleben. Lucky Pharaoh ist ein Slot mit fünf Walzen, drei Reihen und zehn festen Gewinnlinien. Das Spiel enthält auch alle neuen Action-Spins, bei denen der Spieler seinen Gewinn einsammeln oder sie verwenden können, um super angereicherte Action-Spins zu kaufen! Book of Ra gehört zu den allerersten Buchslots, die es jemals auf dem Markt gab. Bereits seit 2008 bereitet der Book of Ra Echtgeld Spielern Spaß und gute Gewinne. Sicher fragst du dich, was diesen Slot so einzigartig macht, welches Book of Ra Online Casino das Beste ist und wie du deine Gewinne beim Book of Ra online zocken maximieren kannst. Dann lies unbedingt weiter!

    Reply

  29. I seriously love your blog.. Great colors & theme. Did you develop this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m hoping to create my very own site and would like to learn where you got this from or what the theme is named. Thank you!

    Reply

  36. I’m amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and engaging, and let me tell you, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The problem is an issue that too few men and women are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy that I came across this during my search for something relating to this.

    Reply

  62. I blog often and I genuinely thank you for your content. This article has really peaked my interest. I am going to book mark your site and keep checking for new information about once a week. I subscribed to your Feed too.

    Reply

  69. A person designated to grow cannabis can’t have a criminal record and must not have been convicted of certain cannabis-related offences in the 10 years prior to receiving authorization to grow. Mr. Jiwan is a data driven business leader with over 20 years experience in strategic development , sales and operations management , e-commerce, and developing data and business intelligence solutions. Before joining Emerald, he served in senior leadership positions, including Chief Information Officer and Chief Customer Officer, for established cannabis and healthcare companies, including senior roles at TerrAscend Corp and Shopper’s Drug Mart. With a strong marketing and customer orientation, he has strongly focused on operational excellence and implementing processes to function faster, smarter, and leaner. https://teephat.com/web/community/profile/virgiesternberg/ “We now have evidence from a large, well-designed trial that psilocybin may be effective for people with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, a common and devastating condition,” said David J. Hellerstein, MD, professor of clinical psychiatry and principal investigator on the Columbia trial. “These findings suggest that COMP360 psilocybin therapy could play a major role in psychiatric care, if approved.” A dose of psilocybin, at the Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research at Johns Hopkins.Credit…Matt Roth for The New York Times Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Front Pharmacol. 2018;8:974. doi:10.3389 fphar.2017.00974 Preparation and Characterization of Novel Crystalline Solvates and Polymorphs of Psilocybin and Identification of Solid Forms Suitable for Clinical Development. Greenan, C.; Arlin, J.-B.; Lorimer, K.; Kaylo, K.; Kargbo, R.; Meisenheimer, P.; Tarpley, G.; Sherwood, A. (Preprint – ResearchGate). 2020.

    Reply

  114. Odada kızı ile seviştiği sırada annesi odaya dalınca onları sevişirlerken görüyor.
    Kız ne yapacağını bilemiyor ve fakat annesi kızının dudaklarına yapışıp onunla sevişmeye başlıyor.
    Sevişen anne.

    Reply

  136. Incredible Spins has numerous sister sites, all of which are operated by Jumpman Gaming Limited. One Incredible Spins sister site is UK Slot Games, which is giving all new users up to 500 free spins. Games available here include Krazy Klimber, Medieval Mania, Wild Hot Chilli Reels, Eastern Emeralds, Stars Ablaze, Sky Queen, Legacy Of The Tiger, Buffalo Blitz II, and more. The accepted payment methods include PayPal, Paysafecard, and all debit cards too. Eagle Spins Casino also has a healthy collection of Providers for you to choose from, these include Hacksaw Gaming, Red Tiger, Microgaming plus lots more. There is definitely a slot for every player here, whether you fancy a trip down memory lane with a classic or something new and innovative, Eagle Spins Casino caters to all! If the abundance of new and old Slots wasn’t enough, then why not take advantange of their Jackpot titles? https://garrettqfth219764.losblogos.com/14890197/best-blackjack-game-ios Read our reviews of top online pokies sites and sign up at one you like best. Also check out our reviews of top AUS pokies so that you won’t have any trouble choosing online pokies to play for real money at your favourite online casino. There are many online pokies games in Australia that you can play comfortably online either from your office or home. The best Australia online pokies real money are: Reputation – Reputation means a lot in the real money pokies world. As such, we only added top online pokies sites that we’re 100% confident in, and which are fully licensed. The answer is Wildtornado – online pokies which is considered by many as the best online casino New Zealand for pokies. And for good reason too. Today we’re going to explore some of those reasons in more detail.

    Reply

  149. Can I simply just say what a comfort to find someone who actually understands what they are discussing on the net. You definitely know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More people need to check this out and understand this side of your story. I can’t believe you aren’t more popular because you surely have the gift.

    Reply

  160. Thanks for your article. One other thing is when you are disposing your property on your own, one of the issues you need to be conscious of upfront is just how to deal with house inspection reviews. As a FSBO owner, the key towards successfully shifting your property and also saving money with real estate agent commissions is know-how. The more you know, the better your sales effort is going to be. One area in which this is particularly essential is home inspections. zabawy dla dorosłych

    Reply

  173. It’s a good idea to review the offers for a number of online casinos since the monetary values of no deposit bonuses vary as do the terms associated with claiming any winnings from them. All of the details should be clearly listed in the promotional description. You should also take the time to review the terms attached to any of these offers since the requirements can get in the way of claiming big wins. For this review we consider many factors when researching online casinos and sorting our top picks. The higher a site scores in the below benchmarks the more it has a chance of being crowned the title of #1 online casino in Australia: Sticky Diamonds Slot by Gamomat is the perfect combination of high-tech gaming with a retro and classic vibe. The slot machine includes fruit symbols, red diamonds, and lightning bolts. There is also a bonus hidden in the game. Most online casinos in Australia offer you 200 free spins on this game. Thus, make sure to try out this fun and exciting slot. https://licensehub.in/community/profile/annmarie370926/ If you don’t want to use Bitcoins, you can also gamble with Altcoins like Ethereum, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dogecoin or Dash. Here’s my special articles on cryptocurrency gambling: Making any transaction of funds is always flexible at CryptoGames since it offers 10 different crypto coins along with great exchange systems (regular and ChangeNow) to support a wide number of Crypto Gamblers. The conversion rates are always updated for the players based on the latest rates and refreshed every 10 minutes. Except for the game of Lottery, all 10 cryptocurrencies are supported for the rest of the games. Players can choose their most preferred coins from the following list to start playing any of the games at the casino: Crypto.Games also offers its users the possibility to chat with other gamblers. And not only that. The chat window allows users to tip other players. In addition, users can share their bets with other players, thus ensuring a unique gaming experience. In the lottery, players can buy lottery tickets for other users, sharing the excitement and fun of the game.

    Reply

  175. I’m impressed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and engaging, and let me tell you, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is an issue that not enough men and women are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy that I came across this in my search for something regarding this.

    Reply

  186. Aw, this was an extremely nice post. Taking the time and actual effort to produce a top notch article… but what can I say… I put things off a lot and never seem to get anything done.

    Reply

  221. I wish to show my appreciation to you for bailing me out of this particular setting. Just after checking throughout the search engines and getting concepts which were not beneficial, I figured my life was over. Living minus the approaches to the issues you’ve sorted out all through this short post is a serious case, as well as those which may have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not discovered your web site. Your competence and kindness in playing with the whole thing was invaluable. I don’t know what I would have done if I had not discovered such a subject like this. I can at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for this impressive and sensible guide. I will not be reluctant to refer the website to anyone who needs to have guide about this issue.

    Reply

  231. Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thanks Nonetheless I’m experiencing concern with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting identical rss problem? Anybody who knows kindly respond. Thnkx

    Reply

  233. Can I simply just say what a comfort to discover an individual who truly knows what they’re discussing online. You certainly know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More and more people have to read this and understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular since you surely possess the gift.

    Reply

  258. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you, However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I am unable to join it. Is there anybody having identical RSS problems? Anybody who knows the answer will you kindly respond? Thanks.

    Reply

  259. Can I simply say what a comfort to uncover someone who truly understands what they’re
    talking about over the internet. You actually understand how
    to bring an issue to light and make it important.

    More and more people must check this out and understand this side of the story.

    I can’t believe you aren’t more popular because you most certainly possess
    the gift.

    Reply

  265. Hey there! I know this is kind of off topic but I
    was wondering if you knew where I could find
    a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as
    yours and I’m having trouble finding one? Thanks a lot!

    Reply

  269. Greetings, I think your blog may be having internet browser compatibility problems. Whenever I take a look at your site in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in I.E., it has some overlapping issues. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, fantastic site!

    Reply

  274. I’m extremely inspired along with your writing abilities and also with the format in your weblog. Is that this a paid subject or did you modify it yourself? Anyway keep up the excellent quality writing, it’s uncommon to peer a great blog like this one these days..

    Reply

  284. Your style is really unique in comparison to other folks I have read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I’ll just bookmark this page.

    Reply

  290. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thanks, However I am experiencing troubles with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anyone else getting the same RSS issues? Anyone who knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanks!!

    Reply

  293. Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking and checking back frequently!

    Reply

  294. You are so awesome! I do not believe I’ve truly read through something like that before. So wonderful to discover another person with some original thoughts on this issue. Seriously.. thanks for starting this up. This site is one thing that is needed on the web, someone with some originality.

    Reply

  306. A fascinating discussion is worth comment. I do believe that you ought to publish more on this topic, it may not be a taboo matter but typically folks don’t speak about such issues. To the next! Cheers!

    Reply

  311. When I initially commented I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on whenever a comment is added I get four emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is a way you are able to remove me from that service? Thanks a lot.

    Reply

  315. Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a
    blogger, and I was wondering your situation; we have created
    some nice procedures and we are looking to exchange
    solutions with other folks, please shoot me an email if interested.

    Stop by my blog coupon

    Reply

  330. Our full guide to crypto gambling. We cover the safety and licensing of crypto casinos, a review of the best crypto gambling sites, and an FAQ. CryptoWild is a Curacao licensed casino that caters to players from most countries, except those based in the USA, the UK, France, Spain, and Israel. As the name suggests, CryptoWild is a true crypto-friendly casino, supporting multiple digital assets including Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Litecoin, and DogeCoin. Bitcoin casinos usually also offer a mobile solution for Android and iOS, in which the range of games can also be used while on the go. A good app doesn’t just have as many Bitcoin games to choose from, it should also be as easy and uncomplicated as possible to deposit via cryptocurrency on the mobile device. All German Bitcoin casinos have a so-called web app for mobile games. This means that all games can be played directly on the mobile casino site. All you need is a mobile browser. https://www.dumpsdiscuss.com/profile/levi41g91742474/ Every new player is encouraged to keep their Stake.com account secure by using Google’s two-factor authenticator when registering a new account. This way, Stake.com will make your account extra-safe by requiring you to provide a unique 6-digit code to verify your identity. Yet another interesting thing that renders Stake.com secure is its affiliation with the Crypto Gambling Foundation (CGF). That’s a big plus for crypto gambling sites that want to make sure their security systems are on the level. Live Bitcoin Casinos are basically online gambling sites that offering live casino games hosted by a live dealer. These became extremely popular in recent years as players can get the thrill of online casino games with a dealer, much like traditional physical casinos. Also, Bitcoin live casino games are very often operated by real people and not machines, a factor that makes online gambling much more trustworthy and exciting.

    Reply

  332. I blog frequently and I truly appreciate your
    information. Your article has really peaked my interest.
    I’m going to bookmark your site and keep checking for new information about
    once a week. I opted in for your Feed too.

    Reply

  342. magnificent publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the other specialists of this sector don’t understand this. You must continue your writing. I am confident, you have a great readers’ base already!

    Reply

  344. War der Einrichtungsprozess schwierig? Ist Amazon Appstore unter Windows in Ihrem Land nicht verfügbar oder funktioniert die Pokerstars Echtgeld Slots app nicht unter Ihrem Windows 11? Laden Sie einfach die APK direkt herunter und installieren Sie sie über einen Emulator. Mach es hier » Boni gehören im Pokerbusiness zu den Selbstverständlichkeiten, auch PokerStars bekennt sich mit seiner App zu dieser angenehmen Gepflogenheit. In einem wohldurchdachten Prämiensystem sammeln die Kartenspieler VIP-Punkte, die sich gegen eine Vielzahl von Produkten aber auch gegen Echtgeld eintauschen lassen. Wir freuen uns Ihnen mitzuteilen, dass viele unserer Handy-Poker-Seiten jetzt ihre eigene App veröffentlicht haben. Das bedeutet für Sie, dass spielen können, egal, wo Sie gerade sind. https://sondertraveller.com/community/profile/silvia70w51385/ Es gibt eine Menge Dinge, die das Slotwolf Casino so erstaunlich machen. Eines davon sind die fantastischen Boni, die es bietet. Aber das ist nicht alles, was Slotwolf zu bieten hat. Ihre mobile Casino-Plattform ist bei weitem eine der besten in der Online-Casino-Industrie. Ihre mobile Plattform ermöglicht es Ihnen, alle Spiele, die Slotwolf zu bieten hat, von Ihrem mobilen Gerät aus zu spielen. Das bedeutet, dass Sie immer und überall die tollen Spiele spielen können, die Slotwolf zu bieten hat, egal wo Sie sind. Der Online Casinomarkt ist voller Konkurrenz, es wird mit harten Bandagen gekämpft. Und wie überall, wo es um viel Geld geht, werden teils auch unfaire Mittel genutzt. Das bekommt auch das SlotWolf Casino zu spüren, denn im Internet finden sich einige sehr schlechte (gefakte) Bewertungen. Nach genauer Analyse konnten wir feststellen, dass es sich vor allem um zwei Kategorien handelt:

    Reply

  371. When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each
    time a comment is added I get several emails with the same comment.
    Is there any way you can remove people from that service?
    Thank you!

    Reply

  374. Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates.
    I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some
    time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with
    something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
    I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new
    updates.

    Reply

  379. Great blog here! Also your web site loads up very fast!
    What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate
    link to your host? I wish my web site loaded
    up as fast as yours lol

    Reply

  389. I just wanted to develop a word in order to appreciate you for those nice concepts you are posting at this website. My long internet investigation has now been rewarded with reliable insight to talk about with my co-workers. I ‘d assume that many of us readers are unquestionably lucky to dwell in a decent website with so many lovely individuals with valuable basics. I feel rather fortunate to have come across your website and look forward to so many more entertaining minutes reading here. Thank you again for everything.

    Reply

  404. Hello, i think that i saw you visited my blog thus i came to
    “return the favor”.I am attempting to find things to improve my web site!I suppose its
    ok to use some of your ideas!!

    Reply

  425. I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility problems?

    A couple of my blog readers have complained about my
    site not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera.
    Do you have any recommendations to help fix this problem?

    Reply

  426. Brain Health – Short-term effects of cannabis can include confusion, impairment, slower reaction time, anxiety, fear or panic. Regular or heavy use of cannabis can result in the development of tolerance and dependence. A person will need more and more marijuana to achieve the same effects. Positive effects of marijuana are also seen in medical uses, however (medical marijuana). Marijuana is legal for some medical treatments in Canada and in parts of the US and Europe. Medical use exploiting the positive effects of marijuana has been around for thousands of years. Positive effects of weed commonly used for the medical benefit include:2 Two studies examined the effects of oral delta-9-THC on cancer pain. The first, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving ten patients, measured both pain intensity and pain relief. It was reported that 15 mg and 20 mg doses of the cannabinoid delta-9-THC were associated with substantial analgesic effects, with antiemetic effects and appetite stimulation. https://uwork.construction/forum/profile/clemmiematthes/ Heart & Stroke is working to ensure government regulations are in place to make sure young people are protected from vape products with nicotine or THC. These include: Sign up for our newsletter to find out about the latest and best deals! By: Maria Loreto, The Fresh Toast Under the Act, you cannot smoke or vape cannabis: The patient was in his 20s and a heavy e-cigarette user who also vaped THC. Products are evolving rapidly within the industry. Observational studies are needed. Canada is poised to be a leader in cannabis research as it is one of the few countries that have legalized its use, says Chaiton. Budney AJ, Sargent JD, Lee DC. Vaping cannabis (marijuana): Parallel concerns to e-cigs? Addiction. 2015;110(11):1699-704. doi:10.1111 add.13036 Creating more waste isn’t something we want to do, which is why we partnered with TerraCycle to create the Tweed TerraCycle Cannabis Vape Recycling Program. We’ll take any cannabis vape batteries and cartridges from Canopy Growth brands and recycle the materials to create new products. We worked hand-in-hand with TerraCycle to make sure our vapes were made with materials that can be given a second life.

    Reply

  447. Please let me know if you’re looking for a article writer for your site.

    You have some really good articles and I feel I would be a good
    asset. If you ever want to take some of the load
    off, I’d absolutely love to write some content for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine.

    Please blast me an e-mail if interested. Cheers!

    Reply

  477. After going over a few of the blog articles on your web page, I honestly appreciate your
    technique of writing a blog. I book-marked it to my bookmark site list and will
    be checking back soon. Please check out my website too and let me know how you feel.

    Reply

  486. This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen

    Reply